一 | 我省林下经济利用林地面积达八百七十二万亩做强林下经济 实现绿富共兴日报讯（记者曹智）太行山麓板栗林下，中药材蓬勃生长；坝上林间，灵芝破土而出；平原林地间，菌菇、薯菜错落排布……依托丰富的林草资源，持续做大做强林下经济，把生态优势转化为发展优势，走出一条护绿与增收并举、生态与产业共赢的乡村振兴路子。“300亩中草药成活率在90%以上，现在长得可好啦！”青龙满族自治县茨榆山镇农户赵树，正是林下经济发展的受益者与实践者。十多年前，他承包了1200亩山林，因缺乏果树管理经验长期亏损。近几年，他依托林下立体种植模式，充分利用果树下方、山林边角等闲置地块发展中草药种植，今年新种植的200亩苍术、100亩黄柏长势喜人。
二 | BRUSSELS -- The alleged attacker who killed two Swedish soccer fans in Brussels this week before he was shot dead by police was residing in Belgium illegally and should have left the country three years ago, but never did.In a country that has been repeatedly rocked by extremist attacks, the government’s inability to deport the 45-year-old Tunisian national and prevent him from carrying out the attack is sparking a fierce political debate.Many questions remained unanswered as Sweden’s Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson traveled to Brussels on Wednesday to attend a ceremony paying tribute to the victims and meet his Belgian counterpart Alexander De Croo. How was a man who was on police files, thought to be radicalized and being sought for deportation, able to remain on Belgian soil? How did he obtain a semiautomatic rifle and launch such an attack?Investigators are still trying to determine the motive for Monday night’s attack, which happened not far from where Belgium’s men’s soccer team was hosting Sweden in a European Championships qualifier. It was the latest of a long list of extremist attacks to hit Belgium, including suicide bombings in 2016 that killed 32 people and injured hundreds more in the Brussels subway and airport.Authorities believe the suspect acted alone.Sweden raised its terror alert to the second-highest level in August after a series of public Quran burnings by an Iraqi refugee living in Sweden resulted in threats from Islamic militant groups. Asked if this might be a possible motive in this week's attack, the Belgian federal prosecutor’s office said it was too early to tell.Put on the backfoot by political rivals quick to condemn the inadequacies of Belgium’s deportation policy, De Croo stressed that orders to quit the Belgian territory need to be better enforced.“An order to leave the territory must become more binding than it is now,” he said. “The people who are not entitled to protection should leave the territory.” “When two people die, the only thing you can say is that things have gone wrong,” De Croo added.He also called for better protection of the European Union's external borders and coordinated return policies across the 27-nation bloc.Kristersson said he did not blame Belgian authorities for their failure to send the suspect back to his country of origin because “we have exactly the same problem in Sweden, with very many people who are declined asylum but refuse to leave.”According to Justice Minister Vincent Van Quickenborne, the suspect was denied asylum in 2020. He had been suspected of involvement in human trafficking, living illegally in Belgium and of being a risk to state security.Nicole de Moor, the secretary of state for asylum and migration, said Belgian authorities had lost track of the suspect after his asylum application was refused because he did not want to be housed in a reception center. Authorities were unable to locate him to organize his deportation.Governments critics, however, pointed out that police were able to quickly find his address and carry out raids at his Brussels flat after the attack. Belgium’s federal prosecutor Frédéric Van Leeuw said the shooter was recognized by the video and that people helped to identify the suspect and to track him down.Bernard Clerfayt, a Brussels minister who is also the mayor of the Brussels borough where the killings took place, called for the resignation of de Moor, the migration secretary.“There are thousands and thousands of orders to leave the country that have not been carried out, and what’s more, the procedure makes no provision for tracking down the addresses of all these people,” Clerfayt told La Premiere radio on Wednesday.Van Leeuw, the prosecutor, said Belgian authorities didn’t have much indication about the suspect’s radicalization. They received some intelligence from an unidentified foreign government in 2016 that the man had been radicalized but could not act on it because Belgian authorities were not able to establish it, he said. They saw no signs of radicalization since then. “Radicalization is not a crime either,” he said.Jesper Tengroth, a spokesman for the Swedish Migration Agency, told Swedish public radio that the suspected gunman lived in Sweden from 2012 to 2014 and spent part of that time in prison before being sent to another EU country.Official figures showed that only 5,497 of the 25,292 people who received an order to leave Belgium in 2022 have respected it. According to various estimates, some 150,000 people are currently residing illegally in Belgium. On average in the European Union, only around one in three people whose asylum applications fail ever actually leave. Forced deportations have a dark history in Belgium. In 1998, Samira Adamu, a Nigerian asylum seeker whose application had been rejected, was suffocated to death by security officials on her plane back to Africa after she tried to resist her deportation. The interior minister at the time resigned over the scandal.Theo Francken, a lawmaker from the right-wing Flemish nationalist party N-VA, said Belgian authorities should be stricter with criminals and radicalized individuals. “This must really be the government’s focus. It’s a big mistake not to have done this,” he said.Meanwhile, Swedish public broadcaster SVT identified one of the victims as Patrick Lundström, a 60-year-old who was described by his family as an “incurable football fan” who followed the national team through good times and bad times.The fact that the shooter used a semiautomatic rifle highlighted another serious issue for Belgium — the widespread circulation of weapons in a country that struggles to fight fierce drug trafficking.“Because of drug crime, there is a lot of demand for these kinds of weapons,” Nils Duquet, the director of the Flemish Peace Institute and a weapons expert, told VRT News. "It’s not only serious criminals who get hold of these kinds of weapons these days, but also more minor ones.”___Raf Casert in Brussels contributed.。按现在市场行情测算，仅新植苍术三年后采收就可为他带来300万元收益。森林是水库、钱库、粮库、碳库的集合体。发展林下经济，是践行大食物观、打通“绿水青山”向“金山银山”转化的重要抓手。近年来，立足燕山—太行山、张承坝上、冀中南平原不同区域资源禀赋，科学布局林下产业，大力发展林药、林菌、林菜、林禽、林蜂以及林下产品采集加工、森林景观利用等多元业态，全省林下经济利用林地面积达872万亩，建成国家级林下经济示范基地13个，形成燕山—太行山特色林药林菌、冀北林下特色种养、冀中南平原林下间作等产业片区，越来越多林地从单纯的生态屏障变成群众的“聚宝盆”。守牢生态底线，方能行稳致远。始终坚持生态优先，把保护森林资源摆在首位，科学划定优先利用、限制利用、禁止利用三类林地，明确优先在商品林地开展适度规模化林下经营；限制利用林地严禁全面清林，只可小块、穴状整地，严控化肥农药使用，坚决杜绝以发展林下经济为名破坏森林植被。因地制宜选产业，一山一水各生财。在邢台市信都区，板栗树下，金线莲、苍术等中药材安家落户，树上收板栗、树下产药材，一块林地实现两份收益，不少村民在家门口务工增收。秦皇岛青龙等地，苹果、板栗林间套种中药材，药草喜湿，林木护墒，枯枝落叶还田培肥土壤，形成种养循环的生态模式，秦皇岛林下经济年产值超5亿元，带动十余万群众增收。雄安新区千年秀林，在严格保护森林的前提下探索林下种植糖心红薯，造林空间持续释放综合效益，实现造林增绿与百姓增收双向发力。
三 | 围场满族蒙古族自治县创新“国有带民营”经营模式，发挥国有林场技术管理优势，带动集体、农户林地发展仿野生灵芝等产业，农户拿流转租金、得务工薪金，还能分享产业分红，破解山区林地分散、经营能力不足的难题。大名县卫东国营林场探索“林场+大户+农户”模式，盘活林间空地发展特色林下养殖，推动国有林场转型，实现从“守林子”到“兴产业”的转变。产业要做强，改革是关键。持续深化集体林权制度“三权分置”改革，放活林地经营权，规范林地经营权流转，赋予经营权抵押贷款、项目申报等权能，打消经营主体投资顾虑，林权流转交易更加市场化、规范化。
四 | 各地推广“公司+基地+林农”等模式，引导林农以林地出租、入股、合作经营等方式参与产业开发，构建“租金+薪金+分红”多元收益体系，让小农户深度嵌入产业链条。科技与金融双向赋能，为林下经济注入持久动力。组织专家服务团队下沉林区，开展品种选育、仿野生栽培、田间管护技术培训，引进推广适宜气候的林下作物，破解“南药北种”等技术难题。创新林权抵押等金融产品，探索林下经济保险服务，降低经营风险。同时，培育壮大龙头企业、合作社，延伸加工链条，打造区域特色品牌，推动林下产品走出深山，提升附加值。
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