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世界上最后一只金冠夏威夷蜗牛死了，14年来一直没有找到配偶。_我的网站

A | 据媒体报道，夏威夷最后一棵金冠树耳蜗（Achatinella apexfulva）最近死亡，这意味着该物种也已经灭绝。

B |     BRUSSELS -- Mahsa Amini, the 22-year-old Kurdish-Iranian woman who died in police custody in Iran last year, sparking worldwide protests against the country’s conservative Islamic theocracy, has been named a finalist for the European Union’s top human rights prize.The European Parliament on Thursday announced the three finalists for this year’s Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought, including Amini and “the Woman, Life, Freedom Movement in Iran.”The selection was “in recognition of their brave effort to stand up for women's rights," said David McAllister, the chair of the foreign affairs committee at the EU Parliament.Amini died on Sept. 16, 2022, after she was arrested for allegedly violating Iran’s mandatory headscarf law.The other nominees are Vilma Nunez de Escorcia and Roman Catholic Bishop Rolando Álvarez — two emblematic figures in the fight for the defense of human rights in Nicaragua — and a trio of women from Poland, El Salvador and the United States leading a fight for “free, safe and legal abortion.”Amini died three days after she was arrested by Iran's morality police, allegedly for violating laws that require women to cover their hair in public. While authorities said she suffered a heart attack, Amini’s supporters said she was beaten by police and died as a result of her injuries.Her death triggered protests that spread across the country and rapidly escalated into calls for the overthrow of Iran’s four-decade-old Islamic theocracy.Authorities responded with a violent crackdown in which more than 500 people were killed and over 22,000 others were detained, according to rights groups. The demonstrations largely died down early this year, but there are still widespread signs of discontent. For several months, women could be seen openly flaunting the headscarf rule in Tehran and other cities, prompting a renewed crackdown over the summer.The EU award, named for Soviet dissident Andrei Sakharov, was created in 1988 to honor individuals or groups who defend human rights and fundamental freedoms. Sakharov, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, died in 1989.The winner will be announced on Oct. 19.。

C | 据报道，这只名叫“乔治”的夏威夷树蜗牛于今年1月1日死亡，享年14岁。14年来，“乔治”没有找到配偶，“乔治”的死意味着我们目睹了另一个物种的灭绝。

D | 夏威夷树蜗牛最明显的特征之一是蜗牛壳顶部的金黄色区域。

E | 该物种最初分布在夏威夷群岛的瓦胡岛上。它在夏威夷的繁荣时期非常丰富。

F | 1995年以后，夏威夷蜗牛在外来蜗牛的入侵下几乎灭绝。维基百科的图片显示，人口减少的主要原因之一是“玫瑰卷”（玫瑰橡实蜗牛），一种中等大小的蜗牛，属于橡实蜗牛属，原产于美国。本种是捕食其他蜗牛的食肉动物。玫瑰卷之所以被引进，是因为它想控制入侵非洲蜗牛的数量，但没有考虑。夏威夷蜗牛濒临灭绝。

G | 这就是为什么夏威夷至少有8种当地蜗牛灭绝的原因。1997年，最后10只蜗牛被送到夏威夷大学的实验室进行人工繁殖，但最终，除了乔治以外，所有的蜗牛都死了。在此之前，国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）已将该物种列为极度濒危物种。据了解，科学家们已经提取出“乔治”身体组织用于制冷，期待有一天“复活”乔治。一些灭绝物种（百科全书）：1681年的渡渡鸟灭绝；1768年的海牛灭绝；1800年的恐怖鸟类和蓝马羚羊灭绝；1844年的海鸟灭绝；1875年的南极狼灭绝（生活在地球最南端的犬科动物）；1880年的美国缅因州黄鼠狼灭绝；1880年的牙买加仓鼠灭绝（关于区域性灭绝；3年内灭绝；1890年澳大利亚兔子灭绝；1900年昆士兰毛鼻袋熊区域性灭绝；1900年圣诞岛虎头鼠灭绝；1901年艾米旱獭灭绝；1902年澳大利亚白足旱獭灭绝；1903年加利福尼亚南部猫和狐狸灭绝。利福尼亚；1910年西部袋鼠灭绝；东部袋鼠灭绝；1911年白狼绝对灭绝（唯一的纯白狼）；1918年卡罗莱纳鹦鹉灭绝（北美鸽子）；1914年（十亿不到一个世纪）；1915年基奈山狼灭绝（最大的狼亚种）；佛罗里达黑狼1917年灭绝的狼；1920年灭绝的新墨西哥狼；1922年灭绝的野蛮狮；1922年灭绝的中国犀牛（区域灭绝）；1926年澳大利亚海豚脚袋鼠灭绝；1927年澳大利亚袋鼠灭绝；1930年澳大利亚大兔袋鼠灭绝；灭绝1930年的新南威尔士白袋鼠；1937年的巴厘虎灭绝（最小的虎亚种）；1948年的印度亚洲猎豹灭绝（区域灭绝）；1950年的喀斯喀特棕狼灭绝；墨西哥灰熊绝对灭绝；1970年的德克萨斯红狼灭绝；台湾云豹灭绝1983年；1987年危地马拉鹦鹉灭绝；1997年左右欧亚貂灭绝。

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