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China rejects EU’s ‘unlawful’ extraterritorial overreach in JD.com probe; move signals Beijing’s resolve to safeguard its interests: expert_我的网站

A |           　　暑运期间，儿童乘坐火车出行的数量增加。

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China's Ministry of Justice Photo: VCG
China on Wednesday determined that the EU's cross-border investigative practices targeting Chinese entities in its probe into JD.com under the Foreign Subsidies Regulation (FSR) constituted unlawful extraterritorial jurisdiction, and said it is barring organizations and individuals from implementing or assisting with the measures.
This statement was made by China's Ministry of Justice (MOJ), together with the Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) and other relevant departments. The announcement takes effect immediately.
The finding follows an investigation conducted pursuant to Articles 3 and 6 of China's rules on countering foreign states' unlawful extraterritorial jurisdiction measures. No organization or individual may implement or assist in implementing such measures, according to the official WeChat account of the MOJ on Wednesday evening. 
The announcement sends a clear and firm message about China's position on the EU's unilateral measures, and the bloc should carefully weigh the broader implications of pursuing such actions, including the potential costs to its own interests and China-EU economic and trade relations, a Chinese expert said. Continued use of the FSR in this manner could erode investment confidence and further strain bilateral economic ties, the expert noted.
Countering extraterritorial overreach
A spokesperson for China's MOJ on Wednesday blasted the EU's targeting of JD.com, saying the bloc had arbitrarily demanded extensive and unnecessary information located in China from Chinese entities on a cross-border basis. Such demands are improper and constitute a serious violation of the international rule of law, the spokesperson said.
To safeguard China's sovereignty, security and development interests, as well as the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens, legal persons and other organizations, the Ministry of Justice, together with the Ministry of Commerce and other relevant authorities, determined in accordance with rules on countering foreign states' unlawful extraterritorial jurisdiction measures that the EU's actions constituted unlawful extraterritorial jurisdiction. Any organization or individual is therefore prohibited from complying with or assisting in the implementation of the measures, according to the spokesperson.
The MOJ spokesperson urged the EU to immediately correct its wrongful practices, stop abusing the Foreign Subsidies Regulation as an investigative tool, and provide a fair, just and predictable market environment for companies investing and operating in Europe. If the EU persists with such actions, China will take resolute countermeasures in accordance with law, the spokesperson said.
Chinese e-commerce giant JD.com's $2.5 billion bid for German electronics retailer Ceconomy may involve Chinese subsidies, European ‌Union competition regulators claimed, as they opened a full-scale investigation into the deal, Reuters reported on May 28.
The acquisition will allow one of China's largest retailers to expand outside its home market via Ceconomy-owned electronic products retailers MediaMarkt and Saturn, Reuters reported.
The decision by ⁠the European Commission marks its first in-depth probe of a Chinese deal under its so-called FSR.
This marks another time the rules on countering foreign states' unlawful extraterritorial jurisdiction measures have been invoked since they took effect in April.
In May, the MOJ, together with MOFCOM and other relevant departments, determined after an investigation that the EU's cross border investigative practices targeting Chinese entities in its investigation into Nuctech under the FSR constituted unlawful extraterritorial jurisdiction.
The latest announcement concerning the EU's unilateral move under the FSR once again reflects the Chinese government's firm position on safeguarding national sovereignty, security and legitimate rights and interests, while also representing a clear response to the EU's relevant practices, Jian Junbo, director of the Center for China-Europe Relations at Fudan University's Institute of International Studies, told the Global Times on Wednesday.
"The announcement sends a clear signal to the EU and other countries: China will not accept attempts by any country to use its domestic laws as a basis for exercising unlawful extraterritorial jurisdiction over matters within China, particularly when such actions undermine China's sovereign rights and interests," said Jian.
Likewise, China will not accept attempts to unilaterally address economic and trade frictions through so-called legal instruments when doing so harms the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese companies and the Chinese market, Jian said.
Call on fair, just market
The EU's frequent use of the FSR against Chinese companies is not an isolated occurrence.
In February, the European Commission announced an in-depth investigation under the FSR into Chinese wind turbine manufacturer Goldwind.
Responding to the bloc's move, a MOFCOM spokesperson said that the EU had recently frequently used the FSR to launch investigations into Chinese companies and had escalated investigations into Chinese wind power and security equipment companies to in-depth probes, showing clear targeting and discrimination. China has expressed serious concern and strong dissatisfaction over the moves.
The MOFCOM spokesperson said the EU's investigations had broadened the concept of "foreign subsidies" and involved multiple problems, including insufficient evidence to launch investigations and a lack of transparency in procedures, describing the practices as "typical protectionism in the name of 'fair competition.'"
In January 2025, following an investigation, MOFCOM already determined in accordance with the law that the EU's relevant practices constituted trade and investment barriers. Instead of correcting its practices, the EU has gone further down the wrong path.
"China has made its position very clear, and the EU should fully consider the consequences of continuing with such measures, including their potential impact on the EU itself and on China-EU economic and trade relations," Zhang Jian, a vice president of the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations, told the Global Times on Wednesday.
If the EU continues to impose excessive restrictions on foreign companies through similar rules, it will not only raise compliance costs for multinational companies but could also undermine the competitiveness of European businesses, Zhang said, noting that the EU economy is already facing considerable challenges, while concerns over excessive regulation, bureaucracy and increasingly complex rules have also grown within Europe.
Moreover, such rules may ultimately constrain European companies as well as foreign businesses, experts noted. At a time when the EU economy is facing difficulties, adding more regulation and restrictions instead of addressing underlying problems would be akin to "drinking poison to quench thirst," potentially creating even greater problems for the European economy, Zhang said.
China and the EU are both major global economies. Chinese investment in Europe not only brings capital, but also creates jobs, strengthens supply chains, introduces new technologies and adds vitality to local markets, Jian said.
Moreover, from new-energy vehicles to air conditioners and other consumer products, Chinese companies have brought high-quality, cost-effective products to European consumers, helping meet much-needed market demand while providing consumers with greater choice.
Jian said that as China-EU cross border investment deepens, regulatory frictions are inevitable, but they should be addressed through dialogue and coordination rather than unilateral expansion of extraterritorial jurisdiction. Respect for each other's judicial sovereignty and legal boundaries is essential to stable and predictable economic and trade ties, the expert said.
。年满6周岁且未满14周岁的可购买儿童优惠票;年满14周岁，应当购买全价票。但在购票之后，儿童能否单独乘坐火车出行呢?      　　国铁集团客运部客运管理处副处长 牟宏基：除日常火车通勤上学的学生、经铁路运输企业特殊同意并确认可途中监护的儿童外，未满14周岁未成年人原则上需随同成年旅客出行。其中，未满6周岁的儿童需要和大人一起检票进站;未满14周岁持儿童优惠票的儿童可以自己刷票进站，但应随成年旅客同行，如果旅客声明该儿童独自出行，铁路部门有权拒绝其单独乘车。     　　这位负责人解释说，现实情况中，存在个别旅客先购买自己的车票和儿童优惠票后，在乘车前再退掉自己的车票的情形，铁路现行购票规则没有禁止这种操作，但这并非制度漏洞，而是为了方便旅客个性化出行需求。      　　牟宏基：铁路部门对匹配旅客出行的复杂场景和多元需求进行了充分考量，比如儿童可能会与“为其购票家长”之外的其他成年亲友同行，如孩子的家长为其购票，但不同孩子一起出行，而是由其他同行的购买相同车次车票的成年亲友带孩子出行。铁路部门没有强制要求成年旅客在退掉自己车票时要同时退掉儿童优惠车票，主要是为了方便旅客出行。     　　铁路部门没有开设全程专人无陪护儿童服务      　　近年来，不少航空公司推出了无陪护儿童服务。

C | 记者注意到，乘坐火车出行没有专人无陪护儿童服务，也不存在“自动托管”“乘务员全程照看”这类服务内容。这又是为什么呢?      　　国铁集团客运部客运管理处副处长 牟宏基：铁路是大众化交通工具，与民航航班全程客舱封闭、点对点运输、单一行程的模式不同，铁路运输具有站点多、停站短、车厢人员流动性大等特点。列车运行期间，乘务人员需要为全列所有旅客提供在途服务，还要应对各类突发情况，不具备一对一全程看护单独出行儿童的条件，所以目前铁路部门没有设立未成年人专属看护、托管、全程监护等个性化服务。

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